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Hessian (soldier)
Hessians 〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=hessian )〕 is the term given to the 18th-century German auxiliaries contracted for military service by the British government, who found it easier to borrow money to pay for their service than to recruit its own soldiers.〔Rodney Atwood, ''The bobs: Mercenaries from Hessen-Kassel in the American Revolution,'' (Cambridge University Press, 1980), ch 1.〕 They took their name from the German state of Hesse. The British used the Hessians in combat roles in several conflicts, including in the Irish Rebellion of 1798, but they are most widely associated with combat operations in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783).
About 30,000 German soldiers fought for the British as an ally during the American Revolutionary War, making up a quarter of all the soldiers the British sent to America. They fought in their own traditional uniforms in their old regiments under their usual officers and their own flags. They were under the overall command of British generals. Nearly half were from the state of Hesse. Historian Charles Ingrao says that the local prince had turned Hesse into a "mercenary state" by renting out his regiments to fund his government.〔Charles W. Ingrao, ''The Hessian mercenary state: ideas, institutions, and reform under Frederick II, 1760-1785'' (Cambridge University Press, 2003)〕 The others were rented from similar small German states. Several more German units were placed on garrison duty in the British Isles to free up British regulars for service in North America.
Patriot propaganda presented the soldiers as foreign mercenaries with no stake in America. Hessian prisoners of war were put to work on local farms and were offered land bounties to desert and join the Americans, which many did.
==History==
The small German states had professional armies which their princes often hired out for combat duty. John Childs wrote:
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